Phase 10 variations11/19/2023 The motile suppressor mutants contained single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rho, which encodes the bacterial transcription terminator Rho factor. The restored phenotypes corresponded with increased expression of flagellum and toxin genes. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of spontaneous suppressor mutants in the non-motile, non-toxigenic recV flg OFF background that regained motility and toxin production. The orientation of the flagellar switch influences expression of the flgB operon post-transcription initiation, but the specific molecular mechanism is unknown. A recV mutation prevents flagellar switch inversion and results in phenotypically locked strains. This phenotypic heterogeneity is achieved through phase variation by site-specific recombination via the DNA recombinase RecV, which reversibly inverts the “flagellar switch” upstream of the flgB operon. The intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile exhibits heterogeneity in motility and toxin production.
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